• Because of the formation of phosphoenzyme intermediates the

  2024-05-24

  

  Because of the formation of phosphoenzyme intermediates, the enzymatic PP 3 of P-ATPases can be divided into steps that include a kinase activity, by which an aspartate residue on the enzyme is phosphorylated, and a phosphatase activity, by which the phosphoenzyme is dephosphorylated. Another commo

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Human

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  Acknowledgments Introduction Human innate immune system provides first line of defense against multiple viral or bacterial attacks, and provides critical surveillance against oncogenic development. Evidences show that individuals with primary immunodeficiency or induced immunosuppression durin

• Receptors containing an x y

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  Receptors containing an αx/γy subunit interface, where x=1, 2, 3, 5 and y=1–3, form a high-affinity binding site for benzodiazepines (Figure 1A), for the later developed Z-drugs of different chemotypes, and for a large number of chemically distinct research compounds 17, 18 (Box 1 for examples). For

• br Dysregulated aromatase expression the link between

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  Dysregulated aromatase expression: the link between obesity and breast cancer Obesity has been associated with abnormally high expression of the enzyme aromatase in the breast, influencing the local production and bioavailability of estrogens (Morris et al, 2011, Subbaramaiah et al, 2012). Bowers

• The mitochondrial protein AIF was the

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  The mitochondrial protein AIF was the first caspase-independent death effector. AIF can induce caspase-independent chromatin condensation and large-scale DNA fragmentation to approximately 50 KB. AIF that is released to cytoplasm can mediate apoptosis when special extracellular signals trigger the o

• Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma HCC is one of

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  Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most difficult cancers to treat, and it threatens human health severely [1]. Although various interventions, including surgical operation, radiofrequency ablation, and chemotherapy, have been endorsed, the prognosis of HCC patients remains p

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgment

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  Conflict of interest Acknowledgment The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (81070220 and 81170278), and the Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Human Provi

• br The role of apelin in

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  The role of apelin in respiratory diseases At present, several scientific studies have suggested that the apelin/APJ system may play an important role in the development of pulmonary diseases (Table 4). For example, in an experiment on rats suffering from acute lung injury, apelin-13 decreases th

• AP plays a pivotal role in transcriptional

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  AP-1 plays a pivotal role in transcriptional regulation of MMP expression. The decoy technique allows the neutralization of AP-1 without any transfection reagents for cellular uptake that cause potential side effects or immune reactions. This energy-dependent transport mechanism of “naked” dODN is c

• Maynard et al demonstrated that serum levels of

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  Maynard et al. [54] demonstrated that serum levels of sFlt-1 were five times higher in pregnant women with PE than in normotensive women; as a consequence, VEGF and PlGF levels were found to be proportionally reduced in these women [54]. The literature confirms that there is a sharp increase in sFlt

• Histochemical analyses using antibody or cDNA probes reveal

  2024-05-23

  

  Histochemical analyses using antibody or cDNA probes reveal the precise cellular location of the 12S-lipoxygenases in tissues of interest. An immunohistochemical study in various rat tissues showed specific expression of the leukocyte-type 12S-lipoxygenase in macrophages in lung and spleen [27]. In

• The present study determined the effect

  2024-05-23

  

  The present study determined the effect of DCA on VSMC calcification in vitro and in atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice in vivo. We found that cytochalasin d non-toxic concentrations of DCA, did not affect VSMC viability, induced calcification of VSMC in culture and increased atherosclerotic vascular calc

• Perhaps the discovery of this linkage has served to

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  Perhaps the discovery of this linkage has served to catapult much of the work on ABCA1, leaving its family member in need of a relationship with a defined human pathology. In this regard, there is by now a quite mature literature that suggests that ABCA2 may have been overlooked in terms of its impo

• In the current study adiponectin receptors expressions

  2024-05-23

  

  In the current study, adiponectin receptors expressions were detected in both cell lines. AdipoR2 showed equal expression levels, whereas AdipoR1 possessed different expression levels in both cell lines. There was a significant increase in the AdipoR1 mRNA levels in cell lines according to AdipoR2 m

• One study has demonstrated that PUFA reduced both cholestero

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  One study has demonstrated that ω-3 PUFA reduced both cholesterol and caveolin-1 (a marker of raft), thereby displacing raft-associated signaling molecules from lipid raft [36]. Additionally, DHA treatment decreased the amount of lipid raft in the cell surface and displaced several lipid raft-associ

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