• By using pharmacological treatment with CBX or transgenic

  2021-10-29

  

  By using pharmacological treatment with CBX or transgenic animals lacking the two major astroglial Cxs, the Double KO mouse, we demonstrated that the gap-FRAP technique was able to detect the total inhibition of GJC with a reduction of about 39% and 38% compared to control, respectively. The residua

• br Results br Discussion secretase mediated

  2021-10-29

  

  Results Discussion γ-secretase-mediated proteolysis of integral membrane proteins is required for diverse biological processes (Lal and Caplan, 2011). One γ-secretase target of particular interest is Notch, as recent work has shown Notch activity to be increased in obesity and associated metab

• For our test subjects we used established high fat

  2021-10-29

  

  For our test subjects, we used established high fat diet–induced obese (eDIO) male mices T2DM models. The establishment of eDIO mice was accomplished with a 60% high fat diet ad libitum over a 14 week period (initiated at 6 weeks of age). Compared with regularly-dieted mice, the eDIO ones weigh sign

• ADAM has two alternative splicing forms a membrane anchored

  2021-10-29

  

  ADAM12 has two alternative splicing forms, a membrane-anchored long form (ADAM12-L) and a secreted short form (ADAM12-S). Both the long and short forms have metalloproteinase, disintegrin, cysteine-rich, and epidermal growth factor-like domains and can shed pro-heparin binding-epidermal growth facto

• br Pathophysiology of glaucoma Glaucoma

  2021-10-28

  

  Pathophysiology of glaucoma Glaucoma is a group of optic neuropathies defined by progressive degeneration of RGCs and their Tideglusib in the optic nerve, which leads to irreversible loss of vision [3,8,9]. RGC degeneration is often significantly advanced before changes in visual acuity and evid

• Alzheimer s disease AD is

  2021-10-28

  

  Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and characterized by the presence of abnormal filamentous protein inclusions in nerve cells of the brain [2]. The neuropathological hallmarks of AD were first reported by Alois Alzheimer and date back to 1907 [3], [4]. These inclusions are for

• We hypothesized that modulating redox

  2021-10-28

  

  We hypothesized that modulating redox stress by altering endogenous antioxidant content (overexpression of catalase) and/or via dietary intervention will improve energy metabolism, adipose tissue function, and overall glucose and lipid homeostasis. To better understand the interplay between redox re

• G protein coupled receptor GPCR

  2021-10-28

  

  G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands can be classified as either orthosteric or allosteric modulators. Orthosteric and endogenous ligands bind to the same site, which is topologically distinct from the allosteric site. In general, the binding domains of different orthosteric ligands may not exa

• Although most of the incretin effects on

  2021-10-28

  

  Although most of the incretin effects on 2-APB metabolism can be secondary to their action on insulin/glucagon secretion, some evidence strongly suggests that they could also act directly on liver glucose utilization and production [4], [13], [22], [27], [34], [44]. Supporting this concept, Ayala et

• br Materials and methods br

  2021-10-28

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Our data show that the ghrelin receptor, Ghsr, links energy homeostasis with a form of adult hippocampal plasticity. The presence of Ghsr on mature DG neurons suggest that acyl-ghrelin may modulate NSPCs indirectly, possibly via soluble factors such

• There are additional implications of subunit alterations in

  2021-10-28

  

  There are additional implications of α2-subunit alterations in the hippocampus. P has anticonvulsant activity (Herzog, 1995, Herzog et al., 1997, Herzog et al., 2012, Reddy et al., 2001, Reddy, 2010). These actions result from the metabolic conversion of P to GABA-A receptor-modulating, antiseizure

• Type II diabetes is characterized by an inability to maintai

  2021-10-28

  

  Type II diabetes is characterized by an inability to maintain glucose homeostasis due to insulin desensitization and/or insufficient insulin secretion. GPR40, also known as free fatty calcitonin gene related peptide receptor 1 (FFAR1), is a member of the G-protein-coupled lipid-activated family of r

• In skeletal as well as in the heart muscle

  2021-10-28

  

  In skeletal as well as in the BMS 470539 dihydrochloride muscle, the same FBPase isozyme is present (Gizak and Dzugaj, 2003). On the other hand, different isoforms of 6-fructo-2 kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase-2/PFK-2) have been discovered in muscle fibres and cardiomyocytes (Okar et al.,

• In Apicomplexan parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii isopreno

  2021-10-28

  

  In Apicomplexan parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii isoprenoids are biosynthesized through the DOXP/MEP pathway as illustrated in Scheme 2. In addition, T. gondii possesses a bifunctional FPPS/GGPPS (TgFPPS) that is able to catalyze the formation of both FPP and GGPP.5, 6 The FPPS gene appears to be

• According to the World Health

  2021-10-28

  

  According to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, oligodendrogliomas or anaplastic oligodendrogliomas are primary neoplasms of the central nervous system, which are predominantly composed of cells morphologically resembling oligodendrocytes [23]. These tumors are often estimated to re

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