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Diabetes or inflammation is associated with up
2024-05-20
Diabetes or inflammation is associated with up-regulation of A2AAR (Pang et al., 2010). High levels of A2AARs are found in macrophages and microglial cells that are poised, on activation, to abrogate the immune response (Trincavelli et al., 2008). In addition, hyperglycemia is associated with increa
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The assay performance was estimated
2024-05-20
The assay performance was estimated using Z′-factors (plotted in Fig. 2A) according to Zhang et al. calculated for each plate comparing positive (in the absence of an inhibitor) and negative controls (in the presence of an AdK inhibitor). The mean Z′-factor±SD was determined to be 0.7±0.1, indicativ
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Macrophage polarization is linked to activation of
2024-05-20
Macrophage polarization is linked to activation of the ligand-dependent transcription factor PPARγ. Recently, Odegaard et al. demonstrated with a macrophage-specific deletion of PPARγ in mice that alternative macrophage activation is impaired [14]. We provided evidence that contact to apoptotic anti
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br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgments br
2024-05-20
Conflict of interest Acknowledgments Introduction Inflammation is a protective response of the microcirculation to harmful stimuli. Yet, excessive inflammation is potentially harmful and a characteristic of many chronic diseases [1]. 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO, EC1.13.11.34) contributes to the in
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br Funding br Introduction l Dihydroxyphenylalanine l
2024-05-20
Funding Introduction l-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) is the gold-standard treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, its chronic use induces severe motor complications that eventually limit its long-term efficacy (Bastide et al., 2015). The most disabling side
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The overall mechanism of the Cdc complex resembles that
2024-05-20
The overall mechanism of the Cdc48 complex resembles that of the 19S regulatory subunit of the proteasome, which also uses receptor proteins to bind polyubiquitin chains attached to a substrate and employs a translocation mechanism (for review, see Kish-Trier and Hill, 2013). As with Cdc48, full sub
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This study evaluated the anti
2024-05-20
This study evaluated the anti-tumor influences of LA against HepG2 T7 High Yield RNA Synthesis in vivro, and investigated the molecular mechanisms of inducing apoptosis. Overall, our studies suggested that LA is a promising anti-cancer drug and a possible novel therapeutic agent directed toward the
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br Metabolic effects of apelin in obesity and
2024-05-20
Metabolic effects of apelin in obesity and type 2 diabetes Mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) for several weeks become obese, hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic and insulin resistant. Acute apelin treatment by intravenous injection or by infusion during a hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp in obese and i
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br Genetic analysis of polarity
2024-05-20
Genetic analysis of polarity complexes Model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster provide useful means of describing basic biological processes. They lend themselves particularly well to addressing some of the questions arising in this field because of their struct
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The association of male gender with increased atherosclerosi
2024-05-20
The association of male gender with increased atherosclerosis has stimulated interest in the role of androgen signalling in this condition. Androgens act (Fig. 2) by direct activation of androgen receptor (AR), a nuclear receptor that acts as a ligand-regulated transcription factor (Gao et al., 2005
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br Conclusions In sum enhanced incentive motivation in obesi
2024-05-20
Conclusions In sum, enhanced incentive motivation in obesity-prone rats is mediated by NAc CP-AMPARs. These neurobehavioral differences may render obesity-susceptible populations more sensitive to the motivational influence of food cues, producing more intense, focused, “wanting” that may limit t
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br Adiponectin in prostate cancer
2024-05-18
Adiponectin in prostate cancer PC was documented as the leading type of malignancy in males in the US with respect to both the estimated number of cases (22,800) and deaths (27,540) (Siegel et al., 2016). Studies have reported an association between low APN levels and the progression of PC (Micha
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Introduction Adenosine monophosphate cAMP is a general purpo
2024-05-18
Introduction Adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) is a general-purpose signaling molecule present in most branches of life. Intracellular cAMP levels control diverse cellular functions. In bacteria, cAMP regulates metabolism by activation of the catabolite activator protein (CAP), also known as cAM
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We further analyzed selected hit compounds for their
2024-05-18
We further analyzed selected hit compounds for their ability to inhibit human AdK in intact cells. Human 1321N1 astrocytoma faah inhibitors were utilized which were found to express AdK. The whole cell assay was performed using a 96-well format. The standard AdK inhibitor 5-iodotubercidin was emplo
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Our analysis has devoted limited attention to the
2024-05-18
Our analysis has devoted limited attention to the standard corporate tax scheme with deductibility for interest payments that is in place in most countries. A conventional corporate tax scheme offers partial deduction of capital costs, and can be interpreted as a change in the degree of capital cost